1 | package geniusweb.boa.biddingstrategy;
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2 |
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3 | import java.math.BigDecimal;
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4 | import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
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5 | import java.util.logging.Level;
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6 |
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7 | import geniusweb.actions.Accept;
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8 | import geniusweb.actions.Action;
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9 | import geniusweb.actions.EndNegotiation;
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10 | import geniusweb.actions.Offer;
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11 | import geniusweb.actions.PartyId;
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12 | import geniusweb.boa.BoaState;
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13 | import geniusweb.inform.Settings;
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14 | import geniusweb.issuevalue.Bid;
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15 | import geniusweb.profile.Profile;
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16 | import geniusweb.profile.utilityspace.LinearAdditive;
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17 | import tudelft.utilities.immutablelist.ImmutableList;
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18 |
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19 | /**
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20 | * This places offers in a time-dependent-only way, monotonically decreasing the
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21 | * utility of the offers according to the given parameters. Implements a
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22 | * TimeDependentAgent Strategy adapted from S. Shaheen Fatima Michael Wooldridge
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23 | * Nicholas R. Jennings Optimal Negotiation Strategies for Agents with
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24 | * Incomplete Information http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/6151/1/atal01.pdf
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25 | * <p>
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26 | * Required: the profile is {@link LinearAdditive}. Does not currently handle
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27 | * profile changes.
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28 | * <p>
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29 | * As basis, the original Genius'
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30 | * negotiator.boaframework.offeringstrategy.other.GeniusTimeDependent_Offering
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31 | * was used. However that seems to ignore the reservation value. This was fixed
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32 | * here.
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33 | * <p>
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34 | * The default strategy was extended to enable the usage of opponent models.
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35 | * <p>
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36 | * The time-dependent utility target function is f(t) = k + (1.0 - k) *
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37 | * Math.pow((t - startTime) / (1.0 - startTime), 1.0 / e). The utility target is
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38 | * then set at min+(max-min)*f(t) where the default values for min = either the
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39 | * utility of the reservation bid or the absolute minimum utility of the
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40 | * profile, and default for max the maximum attainable utility.
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41 | * <p>
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42 | *
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43 | * Parameters:
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44 | * <ul>
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45 | * <li>e: see {@link #getE(BoaState)}
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46 | * <li>k: see {@link #getK(BoaState)}
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47 | * <li>min: see {@link #getMin(BoaState)}.
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48 | * <li>max: see {@link #getMax(BoaState)}
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49 | * </ul>
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50 | */
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51 | public class TimeDependentBiddingStrategy implements BiddingStrategy {
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52 | // bidSpace=null means we're not yet initialized.
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53 | private ExtendedUtilSpace bidSpace = null;
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54 | private Double e, k, min, max; // min, max attainable utility
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55 | private PartyId me;
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56 |
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57 | @Override
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58 | public Action getAction(BoaState state) {
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59 | if (bidSpace == null) {
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60 | init(state);
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61 | }
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62 |
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63 | double utilityGoal = p(
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64 | state.getProgress().get(System.currentTimeMillis()));
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65 |
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66 | // if there is no opponent model available
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67 | ImmutableList<Bid> bidOptions = bidSpace
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68 | .getBids((BigDecimal.valueOf(utilityGoal)));
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69 |
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70 | if (bidOptions.size().intValue() == 0) {
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71 | // should not happen unless profile is broken, emergency exit
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72 | state.getReporter().log(Level.WARNING,
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73 | "No viable bids found around current utility target");
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74 | Offer lastOffer = state.getLastReceivedOffer();
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75 | if (lastOffer == null)
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76 | return new EndNegotiation(me);
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77 | return new Accept(me, lastOffer.getBid());
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78 | }
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79 | Bid pickedBid = bidOptions.get(ThreadLocalRandom.current()
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80 | .nextInt(bidOptions.size().intValue()));
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81 | return new Offer(me, pickedBid);
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82 |
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83 | }
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84 |
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85 | /**
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86 | * Overrideable for hard configuring this component.
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87 | *
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88 | * @param state the {@link BoaState}
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89 | * @return the parameter e for the time depemdency function
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90 | * {@link #f(double)}. The parameter is 1 by default, or the value
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91 | * for the "e" parameter in the {@link Settings} if available.
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92 | */
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93 | protected Double getE(BoaState state) {
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94 | return state.getSettings().getParameters().getDouble("e", 1d, 0d, 1d);
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95 | }
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96 |
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97 | /**
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98 | * Overrideable for hard configuring this component.
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99 | *
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100 | * @param state the {@link BoaState}
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101 | * @return the parameter k for the time depemdency function
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102 | * {@link #f(double)}. The parameter is 0 by default, or the value
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103 | * for the "k" parameter in the {@link Settings} if available.
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104 | */
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105 | protected Double getK(BoaState state) {
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106 | return state.getSettings().getParameters().getDouble("k", 0d, 0d, 1d);
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107 | }
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108 |
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109 | /**
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110 | * Assumes {@link #bidSpace} has been initialized.
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111 | * <p>
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112 | * Overrideable for hard configuring this component.
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113 | *
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114 | * @param state the {@link BoaState}
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115 | * @return the min value for {@link #p(double)}. We use the "min" parameter
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116 | * in the {@link Settings} if available. If not available, the
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117 | * parameter is computed as the utility of the reservation bid. If
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118 | * there is no reservation bid, we use the minimum utility of the
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119 | * available profile.
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120 | */
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121 | protected Double getMin(BoaState state) {
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122 | Double val = state.getSettings().getParameters().getDouble("min", null,
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123 | 0d, 1d);
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124 | if (val != null)
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125 | return val;
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126 | // val=null, try the reservation bid
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127 | LinearAdditive profile = (LinearAdditive) state.getProfile();
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128 | if (profile.getReservationBid() != null) {
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129 | return profile.getUtility(profile.getReservationBid())
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130 | .doubleValue();
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131 | }
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132 |
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133 | return bidSpace.getMin().doubleValue();
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134 | }
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135 |
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136 | /**
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137 | * Assumes {@link #bidSpace} has been initialized.
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138 | * <p>
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139 | * Overrideable for hard configuring this component.
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140 | *
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141 | * @param state the {@link BoaState}
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142 | * @return the max value for {@link #p(double)}. We use the "max" parameter
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143 | * in the {@link Settings} if available. If not available, we use
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144 | * the maximum utility of the available profile.
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145 | */
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146 | protected Double getMax(BoaState state) {
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147 | Double val = state.getSettings().getParameters().getDouble("max", null,
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148 | 0d, 1d);
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149 | if (val != null)
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150 | return val;
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151 | return bidSpace.getMax().doubleValue();
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152 | }
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153 |
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154 | // /**
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155 | // * @return the most recent bid that was offered, or null if no offer has
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156 | // * been done yet.
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157 | // */
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158 | // private Bid getLastBid(List<Action> history) {
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159 | // for (int n = history.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--) {
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160 | // Action action = history.get(n);
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161 | // if (action instanceof Offer) {
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162 | // return ((Offer) action).getBid();
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163 | // }
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164 | // }
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165 | // return null;
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166 | // }
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167 |
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168 | /**
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169 | * initializes bidSpace
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170 | *
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171 | * @param state
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172 | */
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173 | private void init(BoaState state) {
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174 | this.me = state.getSettings().getID();
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175 | Profile prof = state.getProfile();
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176 | if (!(prof instanceof LinearAdditive))
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177 | throw new IllegalArgumentException(
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178 | "Requires a LinearAdditive space but got " + prof);
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179 | LinearAdditive profile = (LinearAdditive) prof;
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180 |
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181 | this.bidSpace = getBidSpace(profile);
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182 | this.e = getE(state);
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183 | this.k = getK(state);
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184 | this.min = getMin(state);
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185 | this.max = getMax(state);
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186 |
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187 | state.getReporter().log(Level.INFO,
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188 | "BOA biddingstrategy min util = " + this.min);
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189 | }
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190 |
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191 | /**
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192 | * Makes sure the target utility with in the acceptable range according to
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193 | * the domain
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194 | *
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195 | * @param t the normalized current time in the negotiation, where t=9 at
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196 | * start of negotiation and t=1 at end of negotiation.
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197 | * @return double
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198 | */
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199 | private double p(double t) {
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200 | return this.min + (this.max - this.min) * (1.0 - f(t));
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201 | }
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202 |
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203 | /**
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204 | * From the paper:
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205 | *
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206 | * A wide range of time dependent functions can be defined by varying the
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207 | * way in which f(t) is computed. However, functions must ensure that 0 <=
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208 | * f(t) <= 1, f(0) = k, and f(1) = 1.
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209 | *
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210 | * That is, the offer will always be between the value range, at the
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211 | * beginning it will give the initial constant and when the deadline is
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212 | * reached, it will offer the reservation value.
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213 | *
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214 | * @param t the normalized current time in the negotiation, where t=9 at
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215 | * start of negotiation and t=1 at end of negotiation.
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216 | * @return
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217 | */
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218 | private double f(double t) {
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219 | double ft = k + (1.0 - k) * Math.pow(t, 1.0 / e);
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220 | return ft;
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221 | }
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222 |
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223 | /**
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224 | * Factory method to get the {@link ExtendedUtilSpace} helper class.
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225 | * Overridable eg for tests
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226 | *
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227 | * @param profile a {@link LinearAdditive} profile
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228 | *
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229 | * @return {@link ExtendedUtilSpace}
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230 | */
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231 | protected ExtendedUtilSpace getBidSpace(LinearAdditive profile) {
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232 | return new ExtendedUtilSpace(profile);
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233 | }
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234 | }
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