source: opponentmodel/src/main/java/geniusweb/opponentmodel/FrequencyOpponentModel.java

package geniusweb.opponentmodel;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import geniusweb.actions.Action;
import geniusweb.actions.Offer;
import geniusweb.issuevalue.Bid;
import geniusweb.issuevalue.Domain;
import geniusweb.issuevalue.NumberValue;
import geniusweb.issuevalue.Value;
import geniusweb.profile.utilityspace.NumberValueSetUtilities;
import geniusweb.profile.utilityspace.UtilitySpace;
import geniusweb.progress.Progress;
import geniusweb.references.Parameters;

/**
 * implements an {@link OpponentModel} by counting frequencies of bids placed by
 * the opponent.
 * <p>
 * NOTE: {@link NumberValue}s are also treated as 'discrete', so the frequency
 * of one value does not influence the influence the frequency of nearby values
 * (as you might expect as {@link NumberValueSetUtilities} is only affected by
 * the endpoints).
 * <p>
 * immutable.
 */
public class FrequencyOpponentModel implements UtilitySpace, OpponentModel {

        private static final int DECIMALS = 4; // accuracy of our computations.
        private final Domain domain;
        private final Map<String, Map<Value, Integer>> bidFrequencies;
        private final BigInteger totalBids;
        private final Bid resBid;

        public FrequencyOpponentModel() {
                this.domain = null;
                this.bidFrequencies = null;
                this.totalBids = BigInteger.ZERO;
                this.resBid = null;
        }

        /**
         * internal constructor. Assumes the freqs keyset is equal to the available
         * issues.
         * 
         * @param domain the domain
         * @param freqs  the observed frequencies for all issue values. This map is
         *               assumed to be a fresh private-access only copy.
         * @param total  the total number of bids contained in the freqs map. This
         *               must be equal to the sum of the Integer values in the
         *               {@link #bidFrequencies} for each issue (this is not
         *               checked).
         * @param resBid the reservation bid. Can be null
         */
        protected FrequencyOpponentModel(Domain domain,
                        Map<String, Map<Value, Integer>> freqs, BigInteger total,
                        Bid resBid) {
                if (domain == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("domain is not initialized");
                }
                this.domain = domain;
                this.bidFrequencies = freqs;
                this.totalBids = total;
                this.resBid = resBid;
        }

        @Override
        public FrequencyOpponentModel with(Domain newDomain, Bid newResBid) {
                if (newDomain == null) {
                        throw new NullPointerException("domain is not initialized");
                }
                // FIXME merge already available frequencies?
                return new FrequencyOpponentModel(newDomain,
                                newDomain.getIssues().stream().collect(
                                                Collectors.toMap(iss -> iss, iss -> new HashMap<>())),
                                BigInteger.ZERO, newResBid);
        }

        @Override
        public BigDecimal getUtility(Bid bid) {
                if (domain == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("domain is not initialized");
                }
                if (totalBids == BigInteger.ZERO) {
                        return BigDecimal.ONE;
                }
                BigDecimal sum = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                // Assume all issues have equal weight.
                for (String issue : domain.getIssues()) {
                        if (bid.getIssues().contains(issue)) {
                                sum = sum.add(getFraction(issue, bid.getValue(issue)));
                        }
                }
                return sum.divide(new BigDecimal(bidFrequencies.size()), DECIMALS,
                                BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
        }

        @Override
        public String getName() {
                if (domain == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("domain is not initialized");
                }
                return "FreqOppModel" + this.hashCode() + "For" + domain;
        }

        @Override
        public Domain getDomain() {
                return domain;
        }

        @Override
        public FrequencyOpponentModel with(Action action, Progress progress) {
                if (domain == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("domain is not initialized");
                }

                if (!(action instanceof Offer))
                        return this;

                Bid bid = ((Offer) action).getBid();
                Map<String, Map<Value, Integer>> newFreqs = cloneMap(bidFrequencies);
                for (String issue : domain.getIssues()) {
                        Map<Value, Integer> freqs = newFreqs.get(issue);
                        Value value = bid.getValue(issue);
                        if (value != null) {
                                Integer oldfreq = freqs.get(value);
                                if (oldfreq == null) {
                                        oldfreq = 0;
                                }
                                freqs.put(value, oldfreq + 1);
                        }
                }

                return new FrequencyOpponentModel(domain, newFreqs,
                                totalBids.add(BigInteger.ONE), resBid);
        }

        /**
         * 
         * @param issue the issue to get frequency info for
         * @return a map containing a map of values and the number of times that
         *         value was used in previous bids. Values that are possible but not
         *         in the map have frequency 0.
         */
        public Map<Value, Integer> getCounts(String issue) {
                if (domain == null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("domain is not initialized");
                }
                if (!(bidFrequencies.containsKey(issue))) {
                        return Collections.emptyMap();
                }
                return Collections.unmodifiableMap(bidFrequencies.get(issue));
        }

        @Override
        public OpponentModel with(Parameters parameters) {
                return this; // ignore parameters
        }

        /**
         * 
         * @param issue the issue to check
         * @param value the value to check
         * @return the fraction of the total cases that bids contained given value
         *         for the issue.
         */
        private BigDecimal getFraction(String issue, Value value) {
                if (totalBids == BigInteger.ZERO) {
                        return BigDecimal.ONE;
                }
                Integer freq = bidFrequencies.get(issue).get(value);
                if (freq == null) {
                        freq = 0;
                }
                return new BigDecimal(freq).divide(new BigDecimal(totalBids), DECIMALS,
                                BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
        }

        /**
         * 
         * @param freqs
         * @return deep copy of freqs map.
         */
        private static Map<String, Map<Value, Integer>> cloneMap(
                        Map<String, Map<Value, Integer>> freqs) {
                Map<String, Map<Value, Integer>> map = new HashMap<>();
                for (String issue : freqs.keySet()) {
                        map.put(issue, new HashMap<Value, Integer>(freqs.get(issue)));
                }
                return map;
        }

        @Override
        public Bid getReservationBid() {
                return resBid;
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
                final int prime = 31;
                int result = 1;
                result = prime * result
                                + ((bidFrequencies == null) ? 0 : bidFrequencies.hashCode());
                result = prime * result + ((domain == null) ? 0 : domain.hashCode());
                result = prime * result
                                + ((totalBids == null) ? 0 : totalBids.hashCode());
                return result;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
                if (this == obj)
                        return true;
                if (obj == null)
                        return false;
                if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
                        return false;
                FrequencyOpponentModel other = (FrequencyOpponentModel) obj;
                if (bidFrequencies == null) {
                        if (other.bidFrequencies != null)
                                return false;
                } else if (!bidFrequencies.equals(other.bidFrequencies))
                        return false;
                if (domain == null) {
                        if (other.domain != null)
                                return false;
                } else if (!domain.equals(other.domain))
                        return false;
                if (totalBids == null) {
                        if (other.totalBids != null)
                                return false;
                } else if (!totalBids.equals(other.totalBids))
                        return false;
                return true;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
                return "FrequencyOpponentModel[" + totalBids + "," + bidFrequencies
                                + "]";
        }

}