1 | package agents.anac.y2015.AresParty;
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2 |
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3 | import java.util.ArrayList;
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4 | import java.util.HashMap;
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5 | import java.util.List;
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6 | import java.util.Random;
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7 |
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8 | import genius.core.Bid;
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9 | import genius.core.Domain;
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10 | import genius.core.issue.Issue;
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11 | import genius.core.issue.IssueDiscrete;
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12 | import genius.core.issue.IssueInteger;
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13 | import genius.core.issue.IssueReal;
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14 | import genius.core.issue.Value;
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15 | import genius.core.issue.ValueInteger;
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16 | import genius.core.issue.ValueReal;
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17 | import genius.core.utility.AdditiveUtilitySpace;
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18 |
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19 | /**
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20 | * Operations related with the opponent's bid history. The opponent's first 100
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21 | * unique bids are remembered.
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22 | *
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23 | * @author Justin
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24 | */
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25 | public class OpponentBidHistory {
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26 |
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27 | private ArrayList<Bid> bidHistory;
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28 | private ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> opponentBidsStatisticsForReal;
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29 | private ArrayList<HashMap<Value, Integer>> opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete;
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30 | private ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> opponentBidsStatisticsForInteger;
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31 | private int maximumBidsStored = 100;
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32 | private HashMap<Bid, Integer> bidCounter = new HashMap<Bid, Integer>();
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33 | private Bid bid_maximum_from_opponent;// the bid with maximum utility
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34 | // proposed by the opponent so far.
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35 |
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36 | public OpponentBidHistory() {
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37 | this.bidHistory = new ArrayList<Bid>();
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38 | opponentBidsStatisticsForReal = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
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39 | opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete = new ArrayList<HashMap<Value, Integer>>();
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40 | opponentBidsStatisticsForInteger = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
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41 | }
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42 |
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43 | public void addBid(Bid bid, AdditiveUtilitySpace utilitySpace) {
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44 | if (bidHistory.indexOf(bid) == -1) {
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45 | bidHistory.add(bid);
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46 | }
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47 | try {
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48 | if (bidHistory.size() == 1) {
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49 | this.bid_maximum_from_opponent = bidHistory.get(0);
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50 | } else {
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51 | if (utilitySpace.getUtility(bid) > utilitySpace
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52 | .getUtility(this.bid_maximum_from_opponent)) {
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53 | this.bid_maximum_from_opponent = bid;
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54 | }
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55 | }
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56 | } catch (Exception e) {
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57 | System.out.println("error in addBid method" + e.getMessage());
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58 | }
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59 | }
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60 |
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61 | public Bid getBestBidInHistory() {
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62 | return this.bid_maximum_from_opponent;
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63 | }
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64 |
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65 | /**
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66 | * initialization
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67 | */
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68 | public void initializeDataStructures(Domain domain) {
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69 | try {
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70 | List<Issue> issues = domain.getIssues();
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71 | for (Issue lIssue : issues) {
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72 | switch (lIssue.getType()) {
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73 | case DISCRETE:
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74 | IssueDiscrete lIssueDiscrete = (IssueDiscrete) lIssue;
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75 | HashMap<Value, Integer> discreteIssueValuesMap = new HashMap<Value, Integer>();
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76 | for (int j = 0; j < lIssueDiscrete.getNumberOfValues(); j++) {
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77 | Value v = lIssueDiscrete.getValue(j);
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78 | discreteIssueValuesMap.put(v, 0);
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79 | }
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80 | opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete.add(discreteIssueValuesMap);
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81 | break;
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82 |
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83 | case REAL:
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84 | IssueReal lIssueReal = (IssueReal) lIssue;
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85 | ArrayList<Integer> numProposalsPerValue = new ArrayList<Integer>();
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86 | int lNumOfPossibleValuesInThisIssue = lIssueReal
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87 | .getNumberOfDiscretizationSteps();
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88 | for (int i = 0; i < lNumOfPossibleValuesInThisIssue; i++) {
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89 | numProposalsPerValue.add(0);
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90 | }
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91 | opponentBidsStatisticsForReal.add(numProposalsPerValue);
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92 | break;
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93 |
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94 | case INTEGER:
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95 | IssueInteger lIssueInteger = (IssueInteger) lIssue;
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96 | ArrayList<Integer> numOfValueProposals = new ArrayList<Integer>();
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97 |
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98 | // number of possible value when issue is integer (we should
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99 | // add 1 in order to include all values)
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100 | int lNumOfPossibleValuesForThisIssue = lIssueInteger
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101 | .getUpperBound()
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102 | - lIssueInteger.getLowerBound()
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103 | + 1;
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104 | for (int i = 0; i < lNumOfPossibleValuesForThisIssue; i++) {
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105 | numOfValueProposals.add(0);
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106 | }
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107 | opponentBidsStatisticsForInteger.add(numOfValueProposals);
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108 | break;
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109 | }
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110 | }
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111 | } catch (Exception e) {
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112 | System.out.println("EXCEPTION in initializeDataAtructures");
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113 | }
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114 | }
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115 |
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116 | /**
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117 | * This function updates the opponent's Model by calling the
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118 | * updateStatistics method
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119 | */
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120 | public void updateOpponentModel(Bid bidToUpdate, Domain domain,
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121 | AdditiveUtilitySpace utilitySpace) {
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122 | this.addBid(bidToUpdate, utilitySpace);
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123 |
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124 | if (bidCounter.get(bidToUpdate) == null) {
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125 | bidCounter.put(bidToUpdate, 1);
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126 | } else {
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127 | int counter = bidCounter.get(bidToUpdate);
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128 | counter++;
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129 | bidCounter.put(bidToUpdate, counter);
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130 | }
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131 |
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132 | if (this.bidHistory.size() <= this.maximumBidsStored) {
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133 | this.updateStatistics(bidToUpdate, false, domain);
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134 | }
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135 | }
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136 |
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137 | /**
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138 | * This function updates the statistics of the bids that were received from
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139 | * the opponent.
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140 | */
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141 | private void updateStatistics(Bid bidToUpdate, boolean toRemove,
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142 | Domain domain) {
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143 | try {
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144 | List<Issue> issues = domain.getIssues();
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145 |
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146 | // counters for each type of the issues
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147 | int realIndex = 0;
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148 | int discreteIndex = 0;
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149 | int integerIndex = 0;
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150 | for (Issue lIssue : issues) {
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151 | int issueNum = lIssue.getNumber();
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152 | Value v = bidToUpdate.getValue(issueNum);
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153 | switch (lIssue.getType()) {
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154 | case DISCRETE:
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155 | if (opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete == null) {
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156 | System.out
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157 | .println("opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete is NULL");
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158 | } else if (opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete
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159 | .get(discreteIndex) != null) {
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160 | int counterPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete
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161 | .get(discreteIndex).get(v);
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162 | if (toRemove) {
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163 | counterPerValue--;
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164 | } else {
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165 | counterPerValue++;
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166 | }
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167 | opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete.get(discreteIndex).put(
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168 | v, counterPerValue);
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169 | }
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170 | discreteIndex++;
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171 | break;
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172 |
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173 | case REAL:
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174 |
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175 | IssueReal lIssueReal = (IssueReal) lIssue;
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176 | int lNumOfPossibleRealValues = lIssueReal
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177 | .getNumberOfDiscretizationSteps();
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178 | double lOneStep = (lIssueReal.getUpperBound() - lIssueReal
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179 | .getLowerBound()) / lNumOfPossibleRealValues;
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180 | double first = lIssueReal.getLowerBound();
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181 | double last = lIssueReal.getLowerBound() + lOneStep;
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182 | double valueReal = ((ValueReal) v).getValue();
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183 | boolean found = false;
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184 |
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185 | for (int i = 0; !found
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186 | && i < opponentBidsStatisticsForReal.get(realIndex)
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187 | .size(); i++) {
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188 | if (valueReal >= first && valueReal <= last) {
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189 | int countPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsForReal
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190 | .get(realIndex).get(i);
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191 | if (toRemove) {
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192 | countPerValue--;
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193 | } else {
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194 | countPerValue++;
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195 | }
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196 |
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197 | opponentBidsStatisticsForReal.get(realIndex).set(i,
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198 | countPerValue);
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199 | found = true;
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200 | }
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201 | first = last;
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202 | last = last + lOneStep;
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203 | }
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204 | // If no matching value was found, update the last cell
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205 | if (found == false) {
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206 | int i = opponentBidsStatisticsForReal.get(realIndex)
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207 | .size() - 1;
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208 | int countPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsForReal.get(
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209 | realIndex).get(i);
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210 | if (toRemove) {
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211 | countPerValue--;
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212 | } else {
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213 | countPerValue++;
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214 | }
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215 |
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216 | opponentBidsStatisticsForReal.get(realIndex).set(i,
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217 | countPerValue);
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218 | }
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219 | realIndex++;
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220 | break;
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221 |
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222 | case INTEGER:
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223 |
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224 | IssueInteger lIssueInteger = (IssueInteger) lIssue;
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225 | int valueInteger = ((ValueInteger) v).getValue();
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226 |
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227 | int valueIndex = valueInteger
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228 | - lIssueInteger.getLowerBound(); // For ex.
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229 | // LowerBound
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230 | // index is 0,
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231 | // and the lower
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232 | // bound is 2,
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233 | // the value is
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234 | // 4, so the
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235 | // index of 4
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236 | // would be 2
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237 | // which is
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238 | // exactly 4-2
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239 | int countPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsForInteger.get(
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240 | integerIndex).get(valueIndex);
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241 | if (toRemove) {
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242 | countPerValue--;
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243 | } else {
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244 | countPerValue++;
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245 | }
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246 | opponentBidsStatisticsForInteger.get(integerIndex).set(
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247 | valueIndex, countPerValue);
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248 | integerIndex++;
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249 | break;
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250 | }
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251 | }
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252 | } catch (Exception e) {
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253 | System.out.println("Exception in updateStatistics: "
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254 | + e.getMessage());
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255 | }
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256 | }
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257 |
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258 | // choose a bid which is optimal for the opponent among a set of candidate
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259 | // bids.
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260 |
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261 | public Bid ChooseBid(List<Bid> candidateBids, Domain domain) {
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262 |
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263 | int upperSearchLimit = 200;// 100;
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264 |
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265 | int maxIndex = -1;
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266 | Random ran = new Random();
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267 | List<Issue> issues = domain.getIssues();
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268 | int maxFrequency = 0;
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269 | int realIndex = 0;
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270 | int discreteIndex = 0;
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271 | int integerIndex = 0;
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272 |
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273 | if (candidateBids.size() >= upperSearchLimit) {
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274 | List<Bid> bids = new ArrayList<Bid>();
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275 | for (int i = 0; i < upperSearchLimit; i++) {
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276 | int issueIndex = ran.nextInt(candidateBids.size());
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277 | bids.add(candidateBids.get(issueIndex));
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278 | }
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279 | candidateBids = bids;
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280 | }
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281 |
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282 | // this whole block of code is to find the best bid
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283 | try {
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284 |
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285 | for (int i = 0; i < candidateBids.size(); i++) {
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286 | int maxValue = 0;
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287 | realIndex = discreteIndex = integerIndex = 0;
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288 | for (int j = 0; j < issues.size(); j++) {
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289 | Value v = candidateBids.get(i).getValue(
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290 | issues.get(j).getNumber());
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291 | switch (issues.get(j).getType()) {
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292 | case DISCRETE:
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293 | if (opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete.get(discreteIndex) != null) {
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294 | int counterPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsDiscrete
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295 | .get(discreteIndex).get(v);
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296 | maxValue += counterPerValue;
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297 | }
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298 | discreteIndex++;
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299 | break;
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300 | case REAL:
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301 | IssueReal lIssueReal = (IssueReal) issues.get(j);
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302 | int lNumOfPossibleRealValues = lIssueReal
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303 | .getNumberOfDiscretizationSteps();
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304 | double lOneStep = (lIssueReal.getUpperBound() - lIssueReal
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305 | .getLowerBound()) / lNumOfPossibleRealValues;
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306 | double first = lIssueReal.getLowerBound();
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307 | double last = lIssueReal.getLowerBound() + lOneStep;
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308 | double valueReal = ((ValueReal) v).getValue();
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309 | boolean found = false;
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310 | for (int k = 0; !found
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311 | && k < opponentBidsStatisticsForReal.get(
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312 | realIndex).size(); k++) {
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313 | if (valueReal >= first && valueReal <= last) {
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314 | int counterPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsForReal
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315 | .get(realIndex).get(k);
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316 | maxValue += counterPerValue;
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317 | found = true;
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318 | }
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319 | first = last;
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320 | last = last + lOneStep;
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321 | }
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322 | if (found == false) {
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323 | int k = opponentBidsStatisticsForReal
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324 | .get(realIndex).size() - 1;
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325 | int counterPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsForReal
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326 | .get(realIndex).get(k);
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327 | maxValue += counterPerValue;
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328 | }
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329 | realIndex++;
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330 | break;
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331 |
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332 | case INTEGER:
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333 | IssueInteger lIssueInteger = (IssueInteger) issues
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334 | .get(j);
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335 | int valueInteger = ((ValueInteger) v).getValue();
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336 | int valueIndex = valueInteger
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337 | - lIssueInteger.getLowerBound(); // For ex.
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338 | // LowerBound
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339 | // index is
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340 | // 0, and
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341 | // the lower
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342 | // bound is
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343 | // 2, the
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344 | // value is
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345 | // 4, so the
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346 | // index of
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347 | // 4 would
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348 | // be 2
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349 | // which is
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350 | // exactly
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351 | // 4-2
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352 | int counterPerValue = opponentBidsStatisticsForInteger
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353 | .get(integerIndex).get(valueIndex);
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354 | maxValue += counterPerValue;
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355 | integerIndex++;
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356 | break;
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357 | }
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358 | }
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359 | if (maxValue > maxFrequency) {// choose the bid with the maximum
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360 | // maxValue
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361 | maxFrequency = maxValue;
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362 | maxIndex = i;
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363 | } else if (maxValue == maxFrequency) {// random exploration
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364 | if (ran.nextDouble() < 0.5) {
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365 | maxFrequency = maxValue;
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366 | maxIndex = i;
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367 | }
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368 | }
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369 | }
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370 |
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371 | } catch (Exception e) {
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372 | System.out.println("Exception in choosing a bid");
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373 | System.out.println(e.getMessage() + "---" + discreteIndex);
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374 | }
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375 | if (maxIndex == -1) {
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376 | return candidateBids.get(ran.nextInt(candidateBids.size()));
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377 | } else {
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378 | // here we adopt the random exploration mechanism
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379 | if (ran.nextDouble() < 0.95) {
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380 | return candidateBids.get(maxIndex);
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381 | } else {
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382 | return candidateBids.get(ran.nextInt(candidateBids.size()));
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383 | }
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384 | }
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385 | }
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386 |
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387 | /*
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388 | * return the best bid from the opponent's bidding history
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389 | */
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390 |
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391 | public Bid chooseBestFromHistory(AdditiveUtilitySpace utilitySpace) {
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392 | double max = -1;
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393 | Bid maxBid = null;
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394 | try {
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395 | for (Bid bid : bidHistory) {
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396 | if (max < utilitySpace.getUtility(bid)) {
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397 | max = utilitySpace.getUtility(bid);
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398 | maxBid = bid;
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399 | }
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400 | }
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401 | } catch (Exception e) {
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402 | System.out.println("ChooseBestfromhistory exception");
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403 | }
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404 | return maxBid;
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405 | }
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406 |
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407 | // one way to predict the concession degree of the opponent
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408 | public double concedeDegree(AdditiveUtilitySpace utilitySpace) {
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409 | int numOfBids = bidHistory.size();
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410 | HashMap<Bid, Integer> bidCounter = new HashMap<Bid, Integer>();
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411 | try {
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412 | for (int i = 0; i < numOfBids; i++) {
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413 |
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414 | if (bidCounter.get(bidHistory.get(i)) == null) {
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415 | bidCounter.put(bidHistory.get(i), 1);
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416 | } else {
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417 | int counter = bidCounter.get(bidHistory.get(i));
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418 | counter++;
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419 | bidCounter.put(bidHistory.get(i), counter);
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420 | }
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421 | }
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422 | } catch (Exception e) {
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423 | System.out.println("ChooseBestfromhistory exception");
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424 | }
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425 | // System.out.println("the opponent's toughness degree is " +
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426 | // bidCounter.size() + " divided by " +
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427 | // utilitySpace.getDomain().getNumberOfPossibleBids());
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428 | return ((double) bidCounter.size() / utilitySpace.getDomain()
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429 | .getNumberOfPossibleBids());
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430 | }
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431 |
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432 | public int getSize() {
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433 | int numOfBids = bidHistory.size();
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434 | HashMap<Bid, Integer> bidCounter = new HashMap<Bid, Integer>();
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435 | try {
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436 | for (int i = 0; i < numOfBids; i++) {
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437 |
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438 | if (bidCounter.get(bidHistory.get(i)) == null) {
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439 | bidCounter.put(bidHistory.get(i), 1);
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440 | } else {
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441 | int counter = bidCounter.get(bidHistory.get(i));
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442 | counter++;
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443 | bidCounter.put(bidHistory.get(i), counter);
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444 | }
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445 | }
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446 | } catch (Exception e) {
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447 | System.out.println("getSize exception");
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448 | }
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449 | return bidCounter.size();
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450 | }
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451 |
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452 | // Another way to predict the opponent's concession degree
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453 | public double getConcessionDegree() {
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454 | int numOfBids = bidHistory.size();
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455 | double numOfDistinctBid = 0;
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456 | int historyLength = 10;
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457 | double concessionDegree = 0;
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458 | // HashMap<Bid, Integer> bidCounter = new HashMap<Bid, Integer>();
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459 | if (numOfBids - historyLength > 0) {
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460 | try {
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461 | for (int j = numOfBids - historyLength; j < numOfBids; j++) {
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462 | if (bidCounter.get(bidHistory.get(j)) == 1) {
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463 | numOfDistinctBid++;
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464 | }
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465 | }
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466 | concessionDegree = Math
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467 | .pow(numOfDistinctBid / historyLength, 2);
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468 | } catch (Exception e) {
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469 | System.out.println("getConcessionDegree exception");
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470 | }
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471 | } else {
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472 | numOfDistinctBid = this.getSize();
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473 | concessionDegree = Math.pow(numOfDistinctBid / historyLength, 2);
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474 | }
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475 | // System.out.println("the history length is" + bidHistory.size() +
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476 | // "concessiondegree is " + concessionDegree);
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477 | return concessionDegree;
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478 | }
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479 |
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480 | public Bid getLastOppBid() {
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481 | return bidHistory.get(bidHistory.size() - 1);
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482 | }
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483 | }
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