[127] | 1 | package agents;
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| 2 |
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| 3 | import java.util.Date;
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| 4 | import java.util.HashMap;
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| 5 | import java.util.List;
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| 6 | import java.util.Random;
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| 7 |
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| 8 | import genius.core.Agent;
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| 9 | import genius.core.Bid;
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| 10 | import genius.core.SupportedNegotiationSetting;
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| 11 | import genius.core.actions.Accept;
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| 12 | import genius.core.actions.Action;
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| 13 | import genius.core.actions.ActionWithBid;
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| 14 | import genius.core.actions.Offer;
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| 15 | import genius.core.issue.Issue;
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| 16 | import genius.core.issue.IssueDiscrete;
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| 17 | import genius.core.issue.IssueReal;
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| 18 | import genius.core.issue.Value;
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| 19 | import genius.core.issue.ValueReal;
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| 20 |
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| 21 | /**
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| 22 | *
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| 23 | * @author W.Pasman Some improvements over the standard SimpleAgent.
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| 24 | *
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| 25 | */
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| 26 | public class SimpleAgt2 extends Agent {
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| 27 | private Action actionOfPartner = null;
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| 28 | private static final double MINIMUM_BID_UTILITY = 0.5;
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| 29 |
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| 30 | @Override
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| 31 | public void ReceiveMessage(Action opponentAction) {
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| 32 | actionOfPartner = opponentAction;
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| 33 | }
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| 34 |
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| 35 | @Override
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| 36 | public String getVersion() {
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| 37 | return "3.1";
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| 38 | }
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| 39 |
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| 40 | @Override
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| 41 | public String getName() {
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| 42 | return "Simple Agent v2";
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| 43 | }
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| 44 |
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| 45 | @Override
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| 46 | public Action chooseAction() {
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| 47 | Action action = null;
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| 48 | Bid partnerBid = null;
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| 49 | try {
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| 50 | if (actionOfPartner == null)
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| 51 | action = chooseRandomBidAction(null); // this may throw NPE!!
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| 52 | if (actionOfPartner instanceof Offer) {
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| 53 | partnerBid = ((Offer) actionOfPartner).getBid();
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| 54 | double offeredutil = utilitySpace.getUtility(partnerBid);
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| 55 | double time = ((new Date()).getTime() - startTime.getTime())
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| 56 | / (1000. * totalTime);
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| 57 | double P = Paccept(offeredutil, time);
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| 58 | if (P > Math.random())
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| 59 | action = new Accept(this.getAgentID(), partnerBid);
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| 60 | else
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| 61 | action = chooseRandomBidAction(
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| 62 | ((ActionWithBid) actionOfPartner).getBid());
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| 63 | }
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| 64 | sleep(0.005); // just for fun
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| 65 | } catch (Exception e) {
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| 66 | System.out.println("Exception in ChooseAction:" + e.getMessage());
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| 67 | // best guess if things go
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| 68 | action = new Accept(this.getAgentID(), partnerBid);
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| 69 | // wrong.
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| 70 | }
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| 71 | return action;
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| 72 | }
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| 73 |
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| 74 | /**
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| 75 | * Wrapper for getRandomBid, for convenience.
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| 76 | *
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| 77 | * @param lastOppBid
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| 78 | * the last opponent bid received.
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| 79 | * @return new Action(Bid(..)), with bid utility > MINIMUM_BID_UTIL. If a
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| 80 | * problem occurs, it returns an Accept() action.
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| 81 | *
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| 82 | */
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| 83 | private Action chooseRandomBidAction(Bid lastOppBid) {
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| 84 | Bid nextBid = null;
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| 85 | try {
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| 86 | nextBid = getRandomBid();
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| 87 | } catch (Exception e) {
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| 88 | System.out.println("Problem with received bid:" + e.getMessage()
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| 89 | + ". cancelling bidding");
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| 90 | }
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| 91 | if (nextBid == null)
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| 92 | return (new Accept(this.getAgentID(), lastOppBid));
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| 93 | return (new Offer(this.getAgentID(), nextBid));
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| 94 | }
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| 95 |
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| 96 | /**
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| 97 | * @return a random bid with high enough utility value.
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| 98 | * @throws Exception
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| 99 | * if we can't compute the utility (eg no evaluators have been
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| 100 | * set) or when other evaluators than a DiscreteEvaluator are
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| 101 | * present in the util space.
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| 102 | */
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| 103 | private Bid getRandomBid() throws Exception {
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| 104 | HashMap<Integer, Value> values = new HashMap<Integer, Value>(); // pairs
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| 105 | // <issuenumber,chosen
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| 106 | // value
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| 107 | // string>
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| 108 | List<Issue> issues = utilitySpace.getDomain().getIssues();
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| 109 | Random randomnr = new Random();
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| 110 |
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| 111 | // createFrom a random bid with utility>MINIMUM_BID_UTIL.
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| 112 | // note that this may never succeed if you set MINIMUM too high!!!
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| 113 | // in that case we will search for a bid till the time is up (2 minutes)
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| 114 | // but this is just a simple agent.
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| 115 | Bid bid = null;
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| 116 | do {
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| 117 | for (Issue lIssue : issues) {
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| 118 | switch (lIssue.getType()) {
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| 119 | case DISCRETE:
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| 120 | IssueDiscrete lIssueDiscrete = (IssueDiscrete) lIssue;
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| 121 | int optionIndex = randomnr
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| 122 | .nextInt(lIssueDiscrete.getNumberOfValues());
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| 123 | values.put(lIssue.getNumber(),
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| 124 | lIssueDiscrete.getValue(optionIndex));
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| 125 | break;
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| 126 | case REAL:
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| 127 | IssueReal lIssueReal = (IssueReal) lIssue;
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| 128 | int lNrOfOptions = lIssueReal
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| 129 | .getNumberOfDiscretizationSteps();
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| 130 | double lOneStep = (lIssueReal.getUpperBound()
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| 131 | - lIssueReal.getLowerBound()) / lNrOfOptions;
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| 132 | int lOptionIndex = Double
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| 133 | .valueOf(java.lang.Math.random() * (lNrOfOptions))
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| 134 | .intValue();
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| 135 | if (lOptionIndex >= lNrOfOptions)
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| 136 | lOptionIndex = lNrOfOptions - 1;
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| 137 | values.put(lIssueReal.getNumber(),
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| 138 | new ValueReal(lIssueReal.getLowerBound()
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| 139 | + lOneStep * lOptionIndex));
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| 140 | break;
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| 141 |
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| 142 | default:
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| 143 | throw new Exception("issue type " + lIssue.getType()
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| 144 | + " not supported by SimpleAgent2");
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| 145 | }
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| 146 | }
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| 147 | bid = new Bid(utilitySpace.getDomain(), values);
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| 148 | } while (utilitySpace.getUtility(bid) < MINIMUM_BID_UTILITY);
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| 149 |
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| 150 | return bid;
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| 151 | }
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| 152 |
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| 153 | /**
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| 154 | * This function determines the accept probability for an offer. At t=0 it
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| 155 | * will prefer high-utility offers. As t gets closer to 1, it will accept
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| 156 | * lower utility offers with increasing probability. it will never accept
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| 157 | * offers with utility 0.
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| 158 | *
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| 159 | * @param u
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| 160 | * is the utility
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| 161 | * @param t
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| 162 | * is the time as fraction of the total available time (t=0 at
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| 163 | * start, and t=1 at end time)
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| 164 | * @return the probability of an accept at time t
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| 165 | * @throws Exception
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| 166 | * if you use wrong values for u or t.
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| 167 | *
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| 168 | */
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| 169 | double Paccept(double u, double t1) throws Exception {
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| 170 | double t = t1 * t1 * t1; // steeper increase when deadline approaches.
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| 171 | if (u < 0 || u > 1.05)
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| 172 | throw new Exception("utility " + u + " outside [0,1]");
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| 173 | // normalization may be slightly off, therefore we have a broad boundary
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| 174 | // up to 1.05
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| 175 | if (t < 0 || t > 1)
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| 176 | throw new Exception("time " + t + " outside [0,1]");
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| 177 | if (u > 1.)
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| 178 | u = 1;
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| 179 | if (t == 0.5)
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| 180 | return u;
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| 181 | return (u - 2. * u * t
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| 182 | + 2. * (-1. + t + Math.sqrt(sq(-1. + t) + u * (-1. + 2 * t))))
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| 183 | / (-1. + 2 * t);
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| 184 | }
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| 185 |
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| 186 | double sq(double x) {
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| 187 | return x * x;
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| 188 | }
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| 189 |
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| 190 | @Override
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| 191 | public SupportedNegotiationSetting getSupportedNegotiationSetting() {
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| 192 | return SupportedNegotiationSetting.getLinearUtilitySpaceInstance();
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| 193 | }
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| 194 |
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| 195 | @Override
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| 196 | public String getDescription() {
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| 197 | return "Random bids until good offer is received";
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| 198 | }
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| 199 |
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| 200 | }
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